The influence of cu content on microstructure and mechanical properties of PM-fabricated Ti-18Nb-xCu alloy
J. Min. Metall. Sect. B-Metall., 61 (3) (2025) 345-355. DOI:10.2298/JMMB240922027D
Full text (pdf)
Export manuscript information:
RIS Format (EndNote, Reference Manager), BibTeX
Available online 01 December 2025
(Received 13 July 2025; Accepted 17 November 2025)
doiSerbia
This research investigated the influence of varying copper (Cu) concentrations (0, 5, 7, and 9 wt.%)on the sintering behaviour, microstructural development, and mechanical characteristics of Ti-18Nb alloy, fabricated through conventional powder metallurgy. Under specific sintering conditions (1150°C for 5 hours), Cu addition led to a more homogeneous microstructure and promoted the complete dissolution of Nb particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of alpha (α) and beta (β) Ti phases, along with the Ti2Cu phase, with its peak intensity increasing as Cu content rose. Mechanical properties were significantly enhanced by Cu addition. Yield strength increased almost linearly with Cu content. Compressive strength notably increased with 7 wt.% Cu, reaching 980 MPa, and slightly exceeded this value with 9 wt.% Cu. Hardness values increased due to solid solution strengthening in the α-Ti phase and the precipitation of the Ti2Cu phase, with the highest hardness (222 HV) observed in the 7 wt.% Cu alloy. The elastic modulus initially increased with 5 wt.% Cu, then subsequently decreased with further Cu additions; the Ti-18Nb-7Cu alloy exhibited the lowest elastic modulus at 13.34 GPa. Furthermore, the resilience of the alloys improved with the formation of the Ti2Cu phase, and a maximum value of 13.15 MJ m−3 was achieved.
Keywords: Ti alloy; Biomaterial; Powder metallurgy; Compression test; Elastic modulus; Resilience
Correspondence Address:
Huseyin Demirtas,
Karabuk University, Machinery and Metal Technologies Department, Karabuk, Turkiye;
email: hdemirtas@karabuk.edu.tr
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike 4.0 International License