Extraction of vanadium from pet-coke gasification cinder: Part 1 leaching kinetics studies in sulphuric acid medium
J. Min. Metall. Sect. B-Metall., 61 (3) (2025) 333-344. DOI:10.2298/JMMB250319026D
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Available online 01 decembar 2025
(Received 19 March 2025; Accepted 24 November 2025)
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Petcoke cinder is a solid by-product generated during the gasification of petcoke, accounting for three to five percent of the petroleum coke mass. It commonly contains valuable metals such as V, Ni, Al, and Fe, highlighting its potential as a resource for vanadium extraction. Therefore, it may be considered an emerging secondary source of vanadium and other critical metals. The conventional pyro-cum-hydrometallurgical process for vanadium recovery relies on alkali roasting, which is not only energy-intensive but also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Given environmental concerns and high energy consumption, this study presents a state-of-the-art, economically feasible, and energy-efficient process for extracting V from petcoke cinders. This paper discusses the acid-leaching method for vanadium extraction from petcoke cinders and examines various parameters, including acid concentration, temperature, process duration, percentage of H2O2, amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and solid-liquid phase ratios. The optimal recovery rate of V, 95.62%, was achieved under the following conditions: 4 M sulfuric acid at 90 °C for three hours, with a solid-liquid ratio of 15%, H2O2 at 20%, and SDS at 6%. Leaching kinetics were investigated using a shrinking surface-controlled model, revealing a reaction order of 1.29 with respect to sulfuric acid concentration. According to the Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energy of leaching was approximately 27.67 kJ/mol, and the empirical equation representing the acid leaching kinetics of vanadium was established as 1-(1-α)1/3 = kt = (9.261 × 103) [H2SO4]1.2916exp[- 27674/RT] T.
Keywords: Petcoke cinders; Acid leaching; SDS; Leaching kinetics; Apparent activation energy
Correspondence Address:
Devabrata Mishra,
CSIR- National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovation Research (AcSIR), India;
email: dmishra.nml@nic.in
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